/*
* kerberos.c
*
* Copyright (C) 2011-22 - ntop.org
* Copyright (C) 2009-11 - ipoque GmbH
*
* This file is part of nDPI, an open source deep packet inspection
* library based on the OpenDPI and PACE technology by ipoque GmbH
*
* nDPI is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* nDPI is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
* along with nDPI. If not, see .
*
*/
#include "ndpi_protocol_ids.h"
#define NDPI_CURRENT_PROTO NDPI_PROTOCOL_KERBEROS
#include "ndpi_api.h"
#include "ndpi_private.h"
/* #define KERBEROS_DEBUG 1 */
#define KERBEROS_PORT 88
static int ndpi_search_kerberos_extra(struct ndpi_detection_module_struct *ndpi_struct,
struct ndpi_flow_struct *flow);
/* Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X.690#Length_octets */
static int krb_decode_asn1_length(struct ndpi_detection_module_struct *ndpi_struct,
size_t * const kasn1_offset)
{
struct ndpi_packet_struct * const packet = &ndpi_struct->packet;
int64_t length;
u_int16_t value_len;
length = asn1_ber_decode_length(&packet->payload[*kasn1_offset],
packet->payload_packet_len - *kasn1_offset,
&value_len);
if (length == -1 ||
packet->payload_packet_len < *kasn1_offset + value_len + length)
{
return -1;
}
*kasn1_offset += value_len;
return (int)length;
}
/* Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X.690#Identifier_octets */
static int krb_decode_asn1_sequence_type(struct ndpi_detection_module_struct *ndpi_struct,
size_t * const kasn1_offset)
{
struct ndpi_packet_struct * const packet = &ndpi_struct->packet;
if (packet->payload_packet_len <= *kasn1_offset + 1 /* length octet */ ||
packet->payload[*kasn1_offset] != 0x30 /* Universal Constructed Tag Type: Sequence */)
{
return -1;
}
(*kasn1_offset)++;
return krb_decode_asn1_length(ndpi_struct, kasn1_offset);
}
/* Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X.690#Identifier_octets */
static int krb_decode_asn1_string_type(struct ndpi_detection_module_struct *ndpi_struct,
size_t * const kasn1_offset,
char const ** const out)
{
struct ndpi_packet_struct * const packet = &ndpi_struct->packet;
int length;
if (packet->payload_packet_len <= *kasn1_offset + 1 /* length octet */ ||
(packet->payload[*kasn1_offset] != 0xA3 /* Context-specific Constructed Tag Type: Bit String */ &&
packet->payload[*kasn1_offset] != 0xA4 /* Context-specific Constructed Tag Type: Octect String */ &&
packet->payload[*kasn1_offset] != 0x30 /* Sequence Of */))
{
return -1;
}
(*kasn1_offset)++;
length = krb_decode_asn1_length(ndpi_struct, kasn1_offset);
if (length <= 0)
{
return -1;
}
if (out != NULL)
{
*out = (char *)&packet->payload[*kasn1_offset];
}
return length;
}
/* Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X.690#Identifier_octets */
static int krb_decode_asn1_int_type(struct ndpi_detection_module_struct *ndpi_struct,
size_t * const kasn1_offset,
int * const out)
{
struct ndpi_packet_struct * const packet = &ndpi_struct->packet;
int length;
if (packet->payload_packet_len <= *kasn1_offset + 1 /* length octet */ ||
packet->payload[*kasn1_offset] != 0x02)
{
return -1;
}
(*kasn1_offset)++;
length = krb_decode_asn1_length(ndpi_struct, kasn1_offset);
if (length <= 0 || length > 4)
{
return -1;
}
if (out != NULL)
{
int i = 0;
*out = 0;
for (; i < length; ++i)
{
*out |= (unsigned int)packet->payload[*kasn1_offset + i] << (length - i - 1) * 8;
}
*kasn1_offset += i;
}
return length;
}
/* Tags in which we are not interested. */
static int krb_decode_asn1_blocks_skip(struct ndpi_detection_module_struct *ndpi_struct,
size_t * const kasn1_offset)
{
struct ndpi_packet_struct * const packet = &ndpi_struct->packet;
int length;
if (packet->payload_packet_len <= *kasn1_offset + 1 /* length octet */ ||
(packet->payload[*kasn1_offset] != 0xA0 /* Constructed Context-specific NULL */ &&
packet->payload[*kasn1_offset] != 0xA1 /* Constructed Context-specific BOOLEAN */ &&
packet->payload[*kasn1_offset] != 0xA2 /* Constructed Context-specific INTEGER */))
{
return -1;
}
(*kasn1_offset)++;
length = krb_decode_asn1_length(ndpi_struct, kasn1_offset);
if (length < 0)
{
return -1;
}
return length;
}
static void krb_strncpy_lower(char * const dst, size_t dst_siz,
char const * const src, size_t src_siz)
{
int i, dst_len = (int)ndpi_min(src_siz, dst_siz - 1);
dst[dst_len] = '\0';
for(i = 0; i < dst_len; ++i)
{
if (ndpi_isprint(src[i]) == 0)
{
dst[i] = '?';
} else {
dst[i] = tolower(src[i]);
}
}
}
/* Reference: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4120 */
static int krb_parse(struct ndpi_detection_module_struct * const ndpi_struct,
struct ndpi_flow_struct * const flow,
size_t payload_offset)
{
size_t kasn1_offset = payload_offset;
int length, krb_version, msg_type;
char const * text;
length = krb_decode_asn1_sequence_type(ndpi_struct, &kasn1_offset);
if (length < 0)
{
return -1;
}
length = krb_decode_asn1_blocks_skip(ndpi_struct, &kasn1_offset);
if (length < 0)
{
return -1;
}
length = krb_decode_asn1_int_type(ndpi_struct, &kasn1_offset, &krb_version); /* pvno */
if (length != 1 || krb_version != 5)
{
return -1;
}
length = krb_decode_asn1_blocks_skip(ndpi_struct, &kasn1_offset);
if (length < 0)
{
return -1;
}
length = krb_decode_asn1_int_type(ndpi_struct, &kasn1_offset, &msg_type); /* msg-type */
if (length != 1 || msg_type != 0x0d /* TGS-REP */)
{
return -1;
}
krb_decode_asn1_blocks_skip(ndpi_struct, &kasn1_offset);
length = krb_decode_asn1_sequence_type(ndpi_struct, &kasn1_offset); /* Optional PADATA */
if (length > 0)
{
kasn1_offset += length;
}
length = krb_decode_asn1_string_type(ndpi_struct, &kasn1_offset, &text);
if (length < 3)
{
return -1;
}
kasn1_offset += length;
text += 2;
length -= 2;
if (flow->protos.kerberos.domain[0] == '\0')
{
krb_strncpy_lower(flow->protos.kerberos.domain, sizeof(flow->protos.kerberos.domain),
text, length);
}
length = krb_decode_asn1_string_type(ndpi_struct, &kasn1_offset, NULL);
if (length < 0)
{
return -1;
}
length = krb_decode_asn1_sequence_type(ndpi_struct, &kasn1_offset);
if (length < 0)
{
return -1;
}
length = krb_decode_asn1_blocks_skip(ndpi_struct, &kasn1_offset);
if (length < 0)
{
return -1;
}
kasn1_offset += length;
length = krb_decode_asn1_blocks_skip(ndpi_struct, &kasn1_offset);
if (length < 0)
{
return -1;
}
length = krb_decode_asn1_string_type(ndpi_struct, &kasn1_offset, &text);
if (length < 3)
{
return -1;
}
kasn1_offset += length;
text += 2;
length -= 2;
if (flow->protos.kerberos.hostname[0] == '\0' && text[length - 1] != '$')
{
krb_strncpy_lower(flow->protos.kerberos.hostname, sizeof(flow->protos.kerberos.hostname),
text, length);
} else if (flow->protos.kerberos.username[0] == '\0') {
krb_strncpy_lower(flow->protos.kerberos.username, sizeof(flow->protos.kerberos.username),
text, length - 1);
}
return 0;
}
static void ndpi_int_kerberos_add_connection(struct ndpi_detection_module_struct *ndpi_struct,
struct ndpi_flow_struct *flow) {
ndpi_set_detected_protocol(ndpi_struct, flow, NDPI_PROTOCOL_KERBEROS, NDPI_PROTOCOL_UNKNOWN, NDPI_CONFIDENCE_DPI);
NDPI_LOG_DBG(ndpi_struct, "trace KERBEROS\n");
}
/* ************************************************* */
static void ndpi_search_kerberos(struct ndpi_detection_module_struct *ndpi_struct,
struct ndpi_flow_struct *flow) {
struct ndpi_packet_struct *packet = &ndpi_struct->packet;
u_int16_t sport = packet->tcp ? ntohs(packet->tcp->source) : ntohs(packet->udp->source);
u_int16_t dport = packet->tcp ? ntohs(packet->tcp->dest) : ntohs(packet->udp->dest);
const u_int8_t *original_packet_payload = NULL;
u_int16_t original_payload_packet_len = 0;
if((sport != KERBEROS_PORT) && (dport != KERBEROS_PORT)) {
NDPI_EXCLUDE_PROTO(ndpi_struct, flow);
return;
}
NDPI_LOG_DBG(ndpi_struct, "search KERBEROS\n");
#ifdef KERBEROS_DEBUG
printf("\n[Kerberos] Process packet [len: %u]\n", packet->payload_packet_len);
#endif
if(flow->kerberos_buf.pktbuf != NULL) {
u_int missing = flow->kerberos_buf.pktbuf_maxlen - flow->kerberos_buf.pktbuf_currlen;
if(packet->payload_packet_len <= missing) {
memcpy(&flow->kerberos_buf.pktbuf[flow->kerberos_buf.pktbuf_currlen], packet->payload, packet->payload_packet_len);
flow->kerberos_buf.pktbuf_currlen += packet->payload_packet_len;
if(flow->kerberos_buf.pktbuf_currlen == flow->kerberos_buf.pktbuf_maxlen) {
original_packet_payload = packet->payload;
original_payload_packet_len = packet->payload_packet_len;
packet->payload = (u_int8_t *)flow->kerberos_buf.pktbuf;
packet->payload_packet_len = flow->kerberos_buf.pktbuf_currlen;
#ifdef KERBEROS_DEBUG
printf("[Kerberos] Packet is now full: processing\n");
#endif
} else {
#ifdef KERBEROS_DEBUG
printf("[Kerberos] Missing %u bytes: skipping\n",
flow->kerberos_buf.pktbuf_maxlen - flow->kerberos_buf.pktbuf_currlen);
#endif
return;
}
}
}
/* I have observed 0a,0c,0d,0e at packet->payload[19/21], maybe there are other possibilities */
if(packet->payload_packet_len >= 4) {
u_int32_t kerberos_len, expected_len;
u_int16_t base_offset = 0;
if(packet->tcp) {
kerberos_len = ntohl(get_u_int32_t(packet->payload, 0)),
expected_len = packet->payload_packet_len - 4;
base_offset = 4;
} else
base_offset = 0, kerberos_len = expected_len = packet->payload_packet_len;
#ifdef KERBEROS_DEBUG
printf("[Kerberos] [Kerberos len: %u][expected_len: %u]\n", kerberos_len, expected_len);
#endif
if(kerberos_len < 12000) {
/*
Kerberos packets might be too long for a TCP packet
so it could be split across two packets. Instead of
rebuilding the stream we use a heuristic approach
*/
if(kerberos_len > expected_len) {
if(packet->tcp) {
if(flow->kerberos_buf.pktbuf == NULL) {
flow->kerberos_buf.pktbuf = (char*)ndpi_malloc(kerberos_len+4);
if(flow->kerberos_buf.pktbuf != NULL) {
flow->kerberos_buf.pktbuf_maxlen = kerberos_len+4;
#ifdef KERBEROS_DEBUG
printf("[Kerberos] Allocated %u bytes\n", flow->kerberos_buf.pktbuf_maxlen);
#endif
}
}
if(flow->kerberos_buf.pktbuf != NULL) {
if(packet->payload_packet_len <= flow->kerberos_buf.pktbuf_maxlen) {
memcpy(flow->kerberos_buf.pktbuf, packet->payload, packet->payload_packet_len);
flow->kerberos_buf.pktbuf_currlen = packet->payload_packet_len;
}
}
}
return;
} else if(kerberos_len == expected_len) {
if(packet->payload_packet_len > 64) {
u_int16_t koffset, i;
for(i=8; i<16; i++)
if((packet->payload[base_offset+i] == 0x03)
&& (packet->payload[base_offset+i+1] == 0x02)
&& (packet->payload[base_offset+i+2] == 0x01)
&& (packet->payload[base_offset+i+3] != 0x05)
)
break;
koffset = base_offset + i + 3;
#ifdef KERBEROS_DEBUG
printf("[Kerberos] [msg-type: 0x%02X/%u][koffset: %u]\n",
packet->payload[koffset], packet->payload[koffset], koffset);
#endif
if(((packet->payload[koffset] == 0x0A)
|| (packet->payload[koffset] == 0x0C)
|| (packet->payload[koffset] == 0x1E)
|| (packet->payload[koffset] == 0x0D)
|| (packet->payload[koffset] == 0x0E))) {
u_int32_t koffsetp, body_offset = 0, pad_len;
u_int8_t msg_type = packet->payload[koffset];
#ifdef KERBEROS_DEBUG
printf("[Kerberos] Packet found 0x%02X/%u\n", msg_type, msg_type);
#endif
ndpi_int_kerberos_add_connection(ndpi_struct, flow);
if(msg_type != 0x0d) /* TGS-REP */ {
/* Process only on requests */
if(packet->payload[koffset+1] == 0xA3) {
if(packet->payload[koffset+3] == 0x30)
pad_len = packet->payload[koffset+4];
else {
/* Long pad */
pad_len = packet->payload[koffset+2];
for(i=3; i<10; i++) if(packet->payload[koffset+i] == pad_len) break;
pad_len = (packet->payload[koffset+i+1] << 8) + packet->payload[koffset+i+2];
koffset += i-2;
}
} else
pad_len = 0;
#ifdef KERBEROS_DEBUG
printf("pad_len=0x%02X/%u\n", pad_len, pad_len);
#endif
if(pad_len > 0) {
koffsetp = koffset + 2;
for(i=0; i<4; i++) if(packet->payload[koffsetp] != 0x30) koffsetp++; /* ASN.1 */
#ifdef KERBEROS_DEBUG
printf("koffsetp=%u [%02X %02X] [byte 0 must be 0x30]\n", koffsetp, packet->payload[koffsetp], packet->payload[koffsetp+1]);
#endif
} else
koffsetp = koffset;
body_offset = koffsetp + 1 + pad_len;
for(i=0; i<10; i++) if(body_offsetpayload_packet_len && packet->payload[body_offset] != 0x05) body_offset++; /* ASN.1 */
#ifdef KERBEROS_DEBUG
printf("body_offset=%u [%02X %02X] [byte 0 must be 0x05]\n", body_offset, packet->payload[body_offset], packet->payload[body_offset+1]);
#endif
}
if(msg_type == 0x0A) /* AS-REQ */ {
#ifdef KERBEROS_DEBUG
printf("[Kerberos] Processing AS-REQ\n");
#endif
if(body_offset < packet->payload_packet_len) {
u_int16_t name_offset = body_offset + 13;
for(i=0; (i<20) && (name_offset < packet->payload_packet_len); i++) {
if(packet->payload[name_offset] != 0x1b)
name_offset++; /* ASN.1 */
}
#ifdef KERBEROS_DEBUG
printf("name_offset=%u [%02X %02X] [byte 0 must be 0x1b]\n", name_offset, packet->payload[name_offset], packet->payload[name_offset+1]);
#endif
if(name_offset < packet->payload_packet_len - 1) {
u_int cname_len = 0;
name_offset += 1;
if(name_offset < packet->payload_packet_len - 1 &&
ndpi_isprint(packet->payload[name_offset+1]) == 0) /* Isn't printable ? */
{
name_offset++;
}
if(name_offset < packet->payload_packet_len - 3 &&
packet->payload[name_offset+1] == 0x1b)
{
name_offset += 2;
}
cname_len = packet->payload[name_offset];
if((cname_len+name_offset) < packet->payload_packet_len) {
u_int realm_len, realm_offset;
char cname_str[48];
u_int8_t num_cname = 0;
cname_str[0] = '\0'; // required, because cname_len
while(++num_cname <= 2) {
if (name_offset + cname_len + 1 >= packet->payload_packet_len)
cname_len = 0;
krb_strncpy_lower(cname_str, sizeof(cname_str), (char*)&packet->payload[name_offset+1], cname_len);
#ifdef KERBEROS_DEBUG
printf("[AS-REQ][s/dport: %u/%u][Kerberos Cname][len: %u][%s]\n", sport, dport, cname_len, cname_str);
#endif
if(((strcmp(cname_str, "host") == 0) || (strcmp(cname_str, "ldap") == 0)) && (packet->payload[name_offset+1+cname_len] == 0x1b) && num_cname == 1) {
name_offset += cname_len + 2;
if (name_offset < packet->payload_packet_len)
cname_len = packet->payload[name_offset];
} else{
break;
}
}
realm_offset = cname_len + name_offset + 3;
/* if cname does not end with a $ then it's a username */
if(cname_len > 0 && name_offset + cname_len + 1 < packet->payload_packet_len
&& (cname_len < sizeof(cname_str))
&& (cname_str[cname_len-1] == '$')) {
cname_str[cname_len-1] = '\0';
ndpi_snprintf(flow->protos.kerberos.hostname, sizeof(flow->protos.kerberos.hostname), "%s", cname_str);
} else
ndpi_snprintf(flow->protos.kerberos.username, sizeof(flow->protos.kerberos.username), "%s", cname_str);
for(i=0; (i < 14) && (realm_offset < packet->payload_packet_len); i++) {
if(packet->payload[realm_offset] != 0x1b)
realm_offset++; /* ASN.1 */
}
#ifdef KERBEROS_DEBUG
printf("realm_offset=%u [%02X %02X] [byte 0 must be 0x1b]\n", realm_offset,
packet->payload[realm_offset], packet->payload[realm_offset+1]);
#endif
realm_offset += 1;
//if(num_cname == 2) realm_offset++;
if(realm_offset < packet->payload_packet_len) {
realm_len = packet->payload[realm_offset];
if((realm_offset+realm_len) < packet->payload_packet_len) {
char realm_str[48];
realm_offset += 1;
krb_strncpy_lower(realm_str, sizeof(realm_str), (char*)&packet->payload[realm_offset], realm_len);
#ifdef KERBEROS_DEBUG
printf("[AS-REQ][Kerberos Realm][len: %u][%s]\n", realm_len, realm_str);
#endif
ndpi_snprintf(flow->protos.kerberos.domain, sizeof(flow->protos.kerberos.domain), "%s", realm_str);
}
}
}
}
}
#ifdef KERBEROS_DEBUG
printf("[Kerberos] Setting extra func from AS-REQ\n");
#endif
flow->max_extra_packets_to_check = 5; /* Reply may be split into multiple segments */
flow->extra_packets_func = ndpi_search_kerberos_extra;
} else if(msg_type == 0x0e) /* AS-REQ */ {
#ifdef KERBEROS_DEBUG
printf("[Kerberos] Processing AS-REQ\n");
#endif
/* Nothing specific to do; stop dissecting this flow */
flow->extra_packets_func = NULL;
} else if(msg_type == 0x0c) /* TGS-REQ */ {
#ifdef KERBEROS_DEBUG
printf("[Kerberos] Processing TGS-REQ\n");
#endif
if(body_offset < packet->payload_packet_len) {
u_int16_t name_offset, padding_offset = body_offset + 4;
name_offset = padding_offset;
for(i=0; i<14 && name_offset < packet->payload_packet_len; i++) if(packet->payload[name_offset] != 0x1b) name_offset++; /* ASN.1 */
#ifdef KERBEROS_DEBUG
printf("name_offset=%u [%02X %02X] [byte 0 must be 0x1b]\n", name_offset, packet->payload[name_offset], packet->payload[name_offset+1]);
#endif
if(name_offset < (packet->payload_packet_len - 1)) {
u_int realm_len;
name_offset++;
realm_len = packet->payload[name_offset];
if((realm_len+name_offset) < packet->payload_packet_len) {
char realm_str[48];
name_offset += 1;
krb_strncpy_lower(realm_str, sizeof(realm_str), (char*)&packet->payload[name_offset], realm_len);
#ifdef KERBEROS_DEBUG
printf("[TGS-REQ][s/dport: %u/%u][Kerberos Realm][len: %u][%s]\n", sport, dport, realm_len, realm_str);
#endif
ndpi_snprintf(flow->protos.kerberos.domain, sizeof(flow->protos.kerberos.domain), "%s", realm_str);
/* If necessary we can decode sname */
if(flow->kerberos_buf.pktbuf) {
ndpi_free(flow->kerberos_buf.pktbuf);
packet->payload = original_packet_payload;
packet->payload_packet_len = original_payload_packet_len;
}
flow->kerberos_buf.pktbuf = NULL;
}
}
}
#ifdef KERBEROS_DEBUG
printf("[Kerberos] Setting extra func from TGS-REQ\n");
#endif
if(!packet->udp) {
flow->max_extra_packets_to_check = 5; /* Reply may be split into multiple segments */
flow->extra_packets_func = ndpi_search_kerberos_extra;
}
if(flow->kerberos_buf.pktbuf != NULL) {
ndpi_free(flow->kerberos_buf.pktbuf);
packet->payload = original_packet_payload;
packet->payload_packet_len = original_payload_packet_len;
flow->kerberos_buf.pktbuf = NULL;
}
return;
} else if(msg_type == 0x0d) /* TGS-REP */ {
NDPI_LOG_DBG(ndpi_struct, "[Kerberos] Processing TGS-REP\n");
if (krb_parse(ndpi_struct, flow, 8) != 0)
{
NDPI_LOG_DBG(ndpi_struct, "[TGS-REP] Invalid packet received\n");
return;
}
NDPI_LOG_DBG(ndpi_struct,
"[TGS-REP][s/dport: %u/%u][Kerberos Hostname,Domain,Username][%s,%s,%s]\n",
sport, dport, flow->protos.kerberos.hostname, flow->protos.kerberos.domain,
flow->protos.kerberos.username);
flow->extra_packets_func = NULL;
} else if(msg_type == 0x1e) /* Error */ {
#ifdef KERBEROS_DEBUG
printf("[Kerberos] Processing KRB-Error\n");
#endif
/* Nothing specific to do; stop dissecting this flow */
flow->extra_packets_func = NULL;
}
return;
}
}
}
} else {
#ifdef KERBEROS_DEBUG
printf("[Kerberos][s/dport: %u/%u] Skipping packet: too long [kerberos_len: %u]\n",
sport, dport, kerberos_len);
#endif
if(flow->protos.kerberos.domain[0] != '\0')
return;
}
}
NDPI_EXCLUDE_PROTO(ndpi_struct, flow);
}
static int ndpi_search_kerberos_extra(struct ndpi_detection_module_struct *ndpi_struct,
struct ndpi_flow_struct *flow)
{
struct ndpi_packet_struct *packet = &ndpi_struct->packet;
#ifdef KERBEROS_DEBUG
printf("[Kerberos] Extra function\n");
#endif
/* Unfortunately, generic "extra function" code doesn't honour protocol bitmask */
/* TODO: handle that in ndpi_main.c for all the protocols */
if(packet->payload_packet_len == 0 ||
packet->tcp_retransmission)
return 1;
/* Possibly dissect the reply */
ndpi_search_kerberos(ndpi_struct, flow);
/* Possibly more processing */
return flow->extra_packets_func != NULL;
}
void init_kerberos_dissector(struct ndpi_detection_module_struct *ndpi_struct,
u_int32_t *id) {
ndpi_set_bitmask_protocol_detection("Kerberos", ndpi_struct, *id,
NDPI_PROTOCOL_KERBEROS,
ndpi_search_kerberos,
NDPI_SELECTION_BITMASK_PROTOCOL_V4_V6_TCP_OR_UDP_WITH_PAYLOAD_WITHOUT_RETRANSMISSION,
SAVE_DETECTION_BITMASK_AS_UNKNOWN,
ADD_TO_DETECTION_BITMASK);
*id += 1;
}